HVAC, short for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning, plays a significant role in the comfort and well-being of drivers and passengers. Within the HVAC system, there is the ventilation system, where warm and cold air from the heating and air conditioning merge in the heater housing. These carefully controlled airflows are then directed to the vents, resulting in a pleasant interior temperature and air quality tailored to the personal preferences of the occupants. Overall, HVAC systems contribute to a comfortable driving experience, regardless of outside weather conditions.
In electric vehicles, a heat pump is increasingly used instead of an air conditioner for both cooling and heating the interior as well as the components in the HV system (battery pack, inverter, electric motor, and on-board charger). The heat pump can function either as an air conditioner or a heater, and it uses significantly less energy than conventional heating systems with glow plugs.